Thanks to the technical advances in molecular biology and immunology, we can now make vaccines with increased safety and prevent infectious diseases that till now could not be controlled by vaccination. After taking on the eradication of the tumors caused by HBV and papillomavirus, vaccinologists are now tackling chronic diseases, tumor therapy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Genomics (reverse vaccinology), the progress made by immunology with the new adjuvants will allow this old field to be among the youngest and most promising for the future of human health. However, new pathogens continue to emerge and require attention. From the Series:Global Infectious Disease