Prof Ignacio Melero speaks about the progress that has been made in the field of tumour immunology. An important part of tumour immunology is the balance between immunity centered genomes which activate the body’s immune response and those that inhibit it. Prof Ignacio Melero talks about potential combinations between imunotherapies and chemotherapies or vaccines and discusses some of the key immunotherapy molecular targets including antibodies which target the CTLA-4 molecules that inhibit T-cells, the (PD)-1:PD-Ligand 1 pathway and the CD137 receptor.