The relationship between Europe and the U.S. has far-reaching consequences in dealing with rogue states, failed and failing states. What common perspectives do they share? Will a lone superpower reach an accommodation with Europe before it takes action or will it play on the divisions within Europe and create a coalition pitting the Old Europe against the New? Either path has profound implications for the policies adopted, whether they will emphasize military dimensions of the problem, whether there will be a commitment to long term solutions, or whether cooperation or conflict will characterize the process of implementation. (#8719)